"First, nothing exists in a physical sense. Empty space is a boiling sea of energy. Second, the total energy of the universe is zero, so its creation costs no net energy. Third, cosmological inflation can instantly turn a microscopic fluctuation into a gigantic cosmos. And fourth, a slight violation of symmetry allowed matter to survive annihilation with antimatter. "

"Inflation de facto froze this state of existence. Thanks to inflation, our universe is as we see it. Flat, homogeneous, and vast. We see evidence for this in the cosmic microwave background radiation, the echo of the Big Bang that reaches us from every corner of the sky. The temperature distribution in this radiation perfectly matches the predictions of inflationary models. "

"If we sum all the mass and energy of matter in the universe as positive numbers, and all the energy of the gravitational field as negative numbers, the result of this equation is shocking. Zero. A big round zero. "

"Inflation is a moment just after the birth of the universe lasting a fraction of a fraction of a second, in which space went crazy, expanded exponentially. We are talking about expansion faster than the speed of light. And calmly, this obviously does not break Einstein's theory in any way. nothing can move in space faster than light, but space itself can swell probably at any speed. "

"The James Webb Space Telescope confirms the presence of the first runaway supermassive black hole speeding through its host galaxy at 2.2 million miles per hour. "

"In engineering practice, astronomers encounter a huge obstacle called mass sheet degeneracy. This already sounds very complicated, but the point is that galaxies are not perfectly smooth and symmetrical glass lenses, but lumpy, irregular structures composed of billions of stars, huge invisible clouds, dark matter, dust, gas, and everything else that makes up a galaxy. "

"In extreme cases, when the alignment in space is perfect, so-called strong lensing occurs, and as a result, light reaches us from several different directions. And we see multiple duplicated images of the same single object in the night sky. "

"The measured delay time provided further evidence for the correctness of geometric methods of measuring expansion. "

"The final delay is also affected by something else, namely the Shapiro effect, called gravitational time delay. Light that passes through the powerful gravitational field of a galaxy, which acts here as a lens, experiences a slowing down of the passage of time from the perspective of an external observer. "

"The second method involves direct observation of objects in the closer contemporary universe, mainly by tracking star explosions. The results of examining distant explosions give an expansion rate a few percent higher than what would result from calculations based on background radiation. "

"It's about Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, or BAO for short, like those Asian buns. These are giant, regular density enhancements in matter in the universe, which are nothing more than frozen waves that propagated in the dense, hot plasma of the early cosmos just before the release of the first light. "

"When the light of a capricious flickering object is split by a galaxy lens into several separate images, each of these light beams must travel a completely different path of different length in space. Because the paths have different lengths, the light carrying information about a sudden quasar flare reaches our terrestrial telescopes at different times. "

"The first method examines the oldest light in the universe, which is the cosmic microwave background, an echo of the Big Bang. And by analyzing these primordial signals from the beginning of time, combining them with our cosmological model, scientists can mathematically calculate how fast the universe should be expanding today. "

"A key, inviolable assumption of this model is that dark energy has a completely constant density, which is in itself very strange, because it means that in every cubic centimeter of expanding cosmic space there is always exactly the same unchanging amount of this invisible, repulsive force. "

"Since 1929, we officially know that our universe is constantly expanding, and since 1998, we have absolute certainty that this expansion is constantly accelerating. "

"Simulations have shown that the immense pressure and temperature prevailing in the Earth's core create ideal conditions for an iron-nickel and carbon alloy to enter this unusual hybrid phase. "

"the latest discoveries show that the very heart of our planet hides a structure which, according to traditional physics textbooks, naturally had no right to exist in such a form. It would be a strange, exotic matter that can be simultaneously a perfect solid and a free liquid. "

"Just 5 years later, in 1914, Beno Gutenberg made another breakthrough. He observed that S-waves were completely blocked over a vast area on the opposite side of the globe from the earthquake's epicenter. This was undeniable physical evidence that the Earth possesses a gigantic liquid outer core. "

"This is the first experimental demonstration that, under inner core conditions, this alloy exhibits extremely low shear wave velocity, which perfectly explains the characteristics of seismic waves passing through the core. "

"However, it was not until 1936 that the Danish geophysicist Ingele Lechman, analyzing subtle anomalous P-wave echoes in shadow zones, proved that there was something else inside this liquid ocean of iron. She showed that deep inside there is a dense, wave-reflecting inner core, which was widely recognized as completely solid and crystallized. "

"The situation further corroborates the fact that the S25112CM event was electromagnetically dark. No flash of light, no kilonova, no Gamma-ray burst, nor any other optical signal that usually accompanies neutron star collisions was observed. "

"In any case, on May 14th we have, on May 14th we have nothing. 17.1 Earth-Moon distances and seven Earth-Moon distances. However, soon an interesting asteroid will fly close to Earth at a distance of only 90,000 km from the surface of our planet, which is 1/3, 1/4 sometimes even of the Earth-Moon distance. So I hope that then there will be Astrokawa. "

"Astronomers have just observed something that until now seemed impossible. A small, inconspicuous comet rushing through the solar system suddenly braked, stopped, and started spinning in the opposite direction. This is the first such case in the history of astronomical observations, which we caught almost red-handed. "

"The last time we had such an opportunity was in 2017, and that's when incredible things started to happen. In March 2017, comet 41P, let's assume we are its friend, rotated around its own axis once every 20 hours. A fairly typical pace for objects of this kind. However, just two months later, astronomers rubbed their eyes in amazement. The comet drastically slowed down. One full rotation already took it from 46 to even 60 hours. "

"These stars could have had masses greater than 100 solar masses. Massive Population III stars could have been as hot as 100,000 kelvins—more than 90,000 degrees hotter than the Sun. "

"The signal comes from a tiny object nicknamed Hebe, sitting about 3 kiloparsecs from GN-z11, a galaxy seen as it existed roughly 400 million years after the Big Bang. ... No metal lines turned up in the data. That absence matters. The earliest stars, often called Population III stars, are thought to have formed from almost pure hydrogen and helium... Because Hebe radiates emission solely from hydrogen and helium atoms, astronomers suspect Hebe hosts the first generation of stars, known as Population III stars. "

"These are the first stars that formed from virgin hydrogen and Helium just after the universe cooled down after the Big Bang. They did not have a single gram of carbon, oxygen, or iron in them. "

"The presence of ionized Helium lines in the HEB galaxy means that there must have been light sources with a temperature so high that they only fit one source, Population III stars. "

"Every single kilogram of rock debris, rapidly flying out in one direction with great recoil force, pushed the entire huge asteroid in the exact opposite direction or in the exact opposite sense. This phenomenon acted as a natural cosmic amplifier and magnified the desired change in momentum from two to almost five times compared to the impact force offered by the probe's mass alone. "