"If the mass is greater, gravity will win this fight, crushing the atomic structure and creating a neutron star, or if the mass was even greater, a black hole. "

"For white dwarfs, this limit is about 1.44 solar masses. Below this value, electrons inside the star, thanks to the so-called degeneracy pressure, are able to generate enough resistance to stop the crushing gravity. "

"For white dwarfs, this limit [Chandrasekhar] is about 1.44 solar masses. Below this value, electrons inside the star, thanks to the so-called degeneracy pressure, are able to generate sufficient resistance to stop crushing gravity. "

"While primordial black holes can explain dark matter, which is what attracts, the cosmological constant describes vacuum energy, which acts oppositely, pushing away. "

"Our Sun will never become a black hole – it simply has too little mass for that. For the same reason, it will not explode as a supernova either. "

"The Sun will never become a black hole because it has too little mass to overcome the resistance of its own matter. "

"Because according to conventional physics, for a dying star to collapse into a black hole, it must be significantly more massive than the Sun. "

"In quantum mechanics, two fermions such as electrons or neutrons cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state. This principle creates a kind of internal resistance of matter to compression. "

"A team working on combined observations from gravitational wave detectors Laigo, Virgo and KAGRA detected gravitational waves generated by two compact objects orbiting each other, which eventually collided. "

"At the heart of every black hole there is a point where the density becomes, at least according to our calculations, infinite, and the known laws of physics cease to operate. This is the place where all the mass of the object has been compressed to zero volume. "

"these charged black holes in Reissner-Nordström solutions and in the case of certain Kerr-Newman black holes. There, the charge can come, mind you, from the outside, meaning the black hole itself, well, as we said, the universe is neutral, but a black hole is not an object that does not interact. yyy a black hole can absorb matter, if these, well, you know, to put it simply, if certain mechanisms yyy for example, pair creation yyy work like that and there's black hole evaporation, other things, it can absorb, for example, more positive charge than negative. Mhm. And over time it can become electrically charged. "

"single quarks also, also as if manifest, must manifest these properties. Mathematically, however, it is simple. You add, subtract fractions just like you did a moment ago and everything works out beautifully. But now translate this to mechanics. Translate this now to physicality, so to speak, to what actually happens. No, this is, you know, it's so complicated that we can't really translate it to mechanics, because these particles are not strictly material entities. Yes. Well, they are, depending on how we treat them, some probability functions, some portions of energy that are very much blurred. "

"The second element is such an elementary magnetic moment, which is related to the fact that an electron in some orbital is actually a tiny magnet. Mhm. And these tiny magnets are generally paired, meaning pluses, minuses, but sometimes there are two identical ones. Depending on the orbital, Pauli's law talks about this. These quantum numbers must arrange themselves somehow. That's why in the first orbital we always have only two electrons, because they must differ in spin. And it is this spin that tells us whether the tiny magnet is north, south, or south north. "

"One such permanent magnet, of course permanent as long as current 'y' flows, is a current loop. Simply, when we have a wire with current, a magnet is formed. If we bend this wire and create a loop or a circle through which current flows, then it will be a magnet that will exactly resemble a bar magnet, such as we know from pictures, i.e., a north and south magnetic pole and the lines of force connecting them. Only, we don't have a magnet, but a wire with current. "

"all these issues related to solar flares, which are related on the one hand to the formation of sunspots, which tell us about activity, and on the other hand to ejections of matter, which sometimes reach the solar corona and are accelerated by certain mechanisms not entirely well understood, again electrical and magnetic, and this ends in a coronal mass ejection. of matter. Which again we have matter that enters another magnetic field and starts to mess up, it simply starts to be a current. "

"a charged black hole can also generate a magnetic field in its surroundings, meaning it can be, because I suspect when one talks about it, it's a fragile interaction at the event horizon boundary. However, there are hypotheses that at certain moments this electric charge can even be dominant, because it is a small object. Mhm. It is a small object, especially for those microscopic black holes, which are also said to exist, those black holes which, according to certain theories, can also be part of dark matter, a remnant from the early stages of the universe's evolution. And in these types of black holes, the electric charge can indeed dominate over mass. "

"theoretically a neutron star can possess an electric charge, but these theories say that it will be very small. Therefore, neutron stars will not be strong electric objects, I apologize, and electrostatic forces associated with stars are and will be, even if these hypotheses about the electricity of neutron stars are correct, many, many times weaker than gravitational and magnetic interactions after all. "

"in most neutron star models, it is assumed that these neutron stars are ionized in some aspect, and precisely these issues, if the core is also quark, then there are even more of these ions. then these magnetars, it's unknown what forms there, but this mantle can also lead to a certain polarization, regarding electric charge. And ultimately, we will get an object that may not be electrically neutral. "

"A star, when it begins to collapse, is still a magnet, its magnetic field is still very strong. Secondly, as a star collapses, it can happen that this plasma is somehow separated into positive and negative parts. It can happen that in certain areas there will be more positives than negatives. It can happen that this ultimate element begins. These are also largely calculations, hypotheses, because it has not been confirmed. These are certain models, for example, models of black holes, which speak of their electrical non-neutrality. "

"Hans Christian Ørsted discovered that electric current creates a magnetic field. "

"the magnetic field has the characteristic that if we have a lot of these magnetic elements and that builds up a large magnetic field, then if we compress them, if we densify them, that magnetic field also densifies, becoming stronger and stronger. We have certain minerals that exhibit magnetic properties. if we pack them appropriately, we will get very strong magnets. If we add some neodymium to ferrites, we will get a neodymium magnet. "

"neutron stars, black holes are certain theoretical aspects that speak of these electrical properties, they are definitely magnets, meaning magnetism and possibly electricity are associated with these objects. "

"a black hole as a small object, if it is sufficiently electrically charged and the charge exceeds the mass, right? This, the significance of the charge outweighs the significance of the mass, then something may arise that would, as it were, tear apart the event horizon. Naked. Mhm. Singularity. Singularity. may arise. "

"Some holographic models can reproduce certain features of the cosmos in a way competitive with classical descriptions, but here too one must speak cautiously. These are promising directions of research, and not a verdict already issued at this moment. "

"“The results did not confirm the existence of such noise in the studied range, but this did not refute the holographic principle.” "

"These jets literally work like rocket engines. The principle of operation is based on Newton's third law of motion. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. When gas escapes from the comet at high speed into space, it pushes the comet's nucleus in the opposite direction. "

"The engine of this whole change lies in the comet's nucleus, which is nothing more than a dirty snowball, a conglomerate of frozen gases, water, dust, and rock fragments that remained after the birth of our solar system. Unlike planets, comet nuclei are not compact solid rocks, but rather porous, loosely bound structures held together by very weak gravity. "

"The interior of a comet is essentially a cosmic time capsule. The ice and materials we find inside remain frozen and untouched for billions of years, from the moment the solar system formed. And by studying the chemical composition of this primordial ice, we can learn exactly what components the planets, including our Earth, were made of. "

"The engine of this whole change is hidden in the comet's nucleus, and it is nothing more than a dirty snowball, a conglomerate of frozen gases, water, dust, and rock fragments that remained after the birth of our solar system. Unlike planets, comet nuclei are not compact solid rocks, but rather porous, weakly bound structures that hold together due to very weak gravity. "

"The main character of this extraordinary story is comet 41P TLE Jacobini Kresak, or simply 41P for friends. It is a small object about a kilometer in diameter, which takes approximately 5.5 years to complete one orbit around the sun. "

"When such a 'Snow White' approaches the sun, it starts reacting to heat. And this leads us to another fascinating phenomenon. We are talking about a process called sublimation. This is the transition of matter directly from a solid state to a gaseous state, bypassing the liquid phase. And this is exactly what happens on the surface of a comet. The sun heats the ice trapped beneath the surface, which rapidly turns into gas, and this gas, seeking an outlet, breaks through the top layer of dust, creating powerful jets, or cosmic geysers. "

"Of course, in the case of comet 41P, the gas jets were strong and persistent enough to completely deplete, let's say, its original angular momentum, leading to a temporary stop in rotation, and then imparting new angular momentum in the opposite direction. "

"These jets literally work like rocket engines. The principle of operation is based on Newton's third law of motion. Every action is accompanied by a reaction of the same magnitude and direction, but opposite in sense. When gas escapes from the comet into space at enormous speed, it pushes the comet's nucleus in the opposite direction. "

"When such a 'Snow White' approaches the sun, it begins to react to heat. And this leads us to another fascinating phenomenon. We are talking about a process called sublimation. This is the transition of matter directly from a solid state to a gaseous state, bypassing the liquid phase. And this is exactly what happens on the surface of a comet. The sun heats the ice trapped beneath the surface, which rapidly turns into gas, and this gas, seeking an outlet, breaks through the top layer of dust, creating powerful jets, or cosmic geysers. "

"If such a jet is in the right place on the surface and shoots at the right angle, it can act as a brake for the comet's rotation. If the gas escapes in the opposite direction to the rotation of the sphere, this force gradually nullifies its angular momentum. "

"Because the comet's nucleus is only a loose collection of ice and dust, with too fast a rotation, this force can overcome the weak gravity I mentioned earlier, which holds the entire object together, so it can simply disintegrate. "

"If such a jet is located in the right place on the surface and shoots at the right angle, it can act as a brake for the comet's rotation. If the gas escapes in the opposite direction to the rotation of the sphere, this force gradually neutralizes its angular momentum. "