"Supersymmetry requires every type of particle to have an associated supersymmetric particle, called its superpartner. WIMPs are hypothetical particles... that interact only through the weak nuclear force and gravity. "

"This signal comes from the halo of our galaxy and has a very specific energy that cannot be explained by ordinary astrophysical processes. "

"Vera Rubin noticed that stars on the outskirts of galaxies orbit their centers just as fast as those near the center. "

"These particles are predicted by so-called supersymmetry, which is such an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, that kind of period, periodic table, but not of elements, but of elementary particles. "

"In the case of dark matter annihilation, this energy escapes in the form of gamma radiation, at least it should. And gamma radiation is the most energetic form of light we know. "

"Dark matter is not just a theoretical whim of physicists, but an absolute foundation of our models of the universe, without which galaxies should simply fall apart. "

"Its maximum is around 20 gigaelectronvolts, and a gigaelectronvolt is a unit of energy used by particle physicists. 1 GeV is roughly the energy equivalent to the mass of one proton at rest. "

"The RHIC collider, which allowed for this discovery, ended its work in February of this year, i.e., in 2026. "

"In this particular experiment, physicists used proton collisions, which were accelerated to an energy of about 200 giga-electronvolts. "

"When the distance between two quarks increases, the force and thus the energy of interaction also increase. If the distance/energy becomes sufficiently large, new quarks can be created. The initial two quarks will be separated, but a new quark or antiquark will appear in the partner's place. This is why quarks can only be observed in bound form, never separately. "

"During collisions in an accelerator, protons break apart, and the quarks they are made of are violently pulled away from each other. Between them, a high-energy string filled with a virtual menagerie is then formed. "

"Because their lifetime is infinitely short. Their mass and energy do not have to agree with what Einstein predicted. They are, as it were, outside the law, existing only as temporary field fluctuations. "

"Lambda particles are unstable and decay quickly, but it was precisely the products of their decay that allowed researchers to reconstruct something extremely important, namely the spin of these particles. "

"These particles do not obey the required Einstein relationship between their energy, momentum and mass. E² = p²c² + m²c⁴. "

"Brookhaven Lab is building a new machine—an Electron-Ion Collider, or EIC—to look inside the nucleus and its protons and neutrons. "

"there are no particles that normally exist in our reality that have a charge of plus 2, right? The electric charge is either plus 1, or minus 1, or there are two particles, or two of those, or two of those. "

"What is a quark? Well, I guess we know, because it is a fundamental particle that is supposed to form protons, neutrons and other strange particles in larger configurations. "

"Understanding this subtle gravitational dynamic of the barycenter was absolutely essential for NASA, for NASA engineers, because they knew that by precisely hitting the small Dimorphos, they would irrevocably affect this complex distribution of forces in this entire duo dancing in deep space. "

"The target of this precise, historical shot was a fascinating object, a double asteroid system. The research team leading the mission targeted a relatively small asteroid, measuring only about 160m in diameter, named Dimorphos. "

"The smaller Dimorphos orbits the powerful Didymos with the precision of a Swiss watch, and thanks to this mechanism, any anomaly and change in the time of this short orbit would be immediately visible to our advanced astronomical devices. "

"In September 2022, the eyes of the entire astronomical and scientific world were focused on the finale of a mission that sounded crazier than a high-budget Hollywood movie script or even a more standard research project. "

"Although the DART probe's mass was only about 600 kg, which is literally a fraction of a permille of the target asteroid's mass, its speed in a fraction of a second before impact exceeded 22,000 km/h. "

"Alcohol, of course, in outer space is something rather, I would say, common. It's not something, my dear friends, unheard of, so especially methyl alcohol is very often accumulated in outer space. Simply in nebulae, for example, these molecules of this substance are accumulated. Well, it forms in a fairly simple way, without the need for human involvement or aliens interested in producing high-proof beverages. simply in such molecular clouds. "

"Food in space is known for its capriciousness. Astronaut menus are carefully constructed to maximize nutritional value and caloric content, while minimizing storage, preparation requirements, and contamination risk. And then there are crumbs. But contrary to appearances, listen, it might sound funny, like, here crumbs are nothing terrible, but in space, in a closed room, in a closed environment like a space capsule, a spacecraft, they can lead to clogging filters, they can generally be very troublesome and very dangerous, so that's an element that needs to be dealt with. "

"In zero gravity, things like crumbs don't just fall to the floor. Instead, the crumbs can float around the station or spacecraft and disrupt the proper functioning of equipment, which could put the crew at risk. One of the ways NASA mitigates this risk is by sending up foodstuffs like tortillas instead of sliced bread. The tortillas make a great choice for astronauts for a variety of reasons. First, they do not produce many crumbs. "

"The comet is named 3I/ATLAS because it is the third (3) interstellar (I) object found passing through our solar system. "

"Artemis 2 will fly to the Moon. Artemis 3 will test connections in orbit. "

"Astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have detected an unusually large amount of the organic molecule methanol in the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, revealing chemical conditions unlike those found in most comets of our own Solar System. The observations show that 3I/ATLAS contains significantly more methanol than hydrogen cyanide, unlike nearly all previously studied comets. "

"The problem is that deep within their circuits, the lion's share of our modern electronic devices requires a completely different power supply to operate, namely direct current, or DC for short. Your smartphones, laptops, microwave ovens, home Wi-Fi routers, and generally widely used LED lighting, all of them operate on direct current. "

"The second problem is how to combine gravity with quantum theory. Black holes are, in this regard, an ideal case, because we know exactly what goes wrong in them and how. And this, in turn, opens up the possibility of finding a solution to this problem. The third and perhaps most fascinating problem hidden in the loss of information inside a black hole is the very nature of time. "

"The early universe, right after its birth, went through a phase of extremely violent, exponential expansion, which we observe today, for example, in the relic radiation, and this expansion is called inflation in cosmology. And think of it as inflating a balloon in a fraction of a second to the size of the solar system. "

"Our knowledge of black holes can be most simply summarized as follows. They are cosmic traps from which absolutely nothing escapes, and at their very center lies a singularity, a point where all known physics breaks down. That's where space ends, and time ceases to have any meaning. "

"In mathematics, we cannot divide by zero, and a singularity in a black hole is precisely such a division by zero error served to us by nature itself. Mass collapses to a point of zero volume, which means infinite density and infinite gravity. "

"When star matter collapses under its own weight, under its own mass, electrons start rubbing against each other and resist. This resistance is called electron degeneracy pressure. And it keeps white dwarfs alive. If gravity is stronger and crushes electrons with protons, neutrons are formed. "

"The problem, however, is that Einstein's equations of general relativity predict the existence of singularities. They appear, for example, during the Big Bang, and also precisely inside black holes. What is this unfortunate singularity? It is a point where mathematics simply gives up and leaves the room. "

"The General Theory of Relativity is undoubtedly Albert Einstein's life's work and our best description of how gravity works. To understand it, we must imagine gravity not as an invisible rope pulling objects together, but as geometry. Space and time form a single elastic fabric, i.e., spacetime. "